EU VAT rates: table and calculator
Short intro: A practical page to compare standard VAT rates across Europe and use the calculator without turning a simple price check into a continental expedition.
How to read the table
The table shows main standard VAT rates. Many countries also apply reduced, super-reduced, zero rates or exemptions for specific categories.
EU standard VAT rates table
| Country | Code | Standard rate |
|---|---:|---:|
| Austria | AT | 20% |
| Belgium | BE | 21% |
| Bulgaria | BG | 20% |
| Croatia | HR | 25% |
| Cyprus | CY | 19% |
| Czechia | CZ | 21% |
| Denmark | DK | 25% |
| Estonia | EE | 24% |
| Finland | FI | 25.5% |
| France | FR | 20% |
| Germany | DE | 19% |
| Greece | EL | 24% |
| Hungary | HU | 27% |
| Ireland | IE | 23% |
| Italy | IT | 22% |
| Latvia | LV | 21% |
| Lithuania | LT | 21% |
| Luxembourg | LU | 17% |
| Malta | MT | 18% |
| Netherlands | NL | 21% |
| Poland | PL | 23% |
| Portugal | PT | 23% |
| Romania | RO | 21% |
| Slovakia | SK | 23% |
| Slovenia | SI | 22% |
| Spain | ES | 21% |
| Sweden | SE | 25% |
Reduced rates and special cases
The same sale may receive a different treatment depending on product, service, country and customer type. That is why a VAT calculator should allow custom rates, not only fixed presets.
Formula
VAT = Net amount × Rate / 100Gross = Net amount × (1 + Rate / 100)Net = Gross / (1 + Rate / 100)
Practical numerical examples
- Italy: €100.00 at 22% → gross €122.00.
- Germany: €100.00 at 19% → gross €119.00.
- France: €100.00 at 20% → gross €120.00.
- Spain: €100.00 at 21% → gross €121.00.
FAQ
Does the EU have one VAT rate?
No. Each country applies its own rates within the EU VAT framework.
Can I use the same formula for every country?
Yes, the math is the same. The rate and tax treatment change.
Is the table enough for invoicing?
No. It is a quick guide: check product, service, customer and country before invoicing.
Recommended internal links
Careful tax disclaimer
VAT rates and treatments can change, and exceptions may apply. Before using a calculation on an invoice or return, check the current rate, country and transaction type from updated sources.